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1 λειτουργέω
λειτουργέω impf. ἐλειτούργουν; fut. λειτουργήσω LXX; 1 aor. ἐλειτούργησα (cp. Att. λεώς = λαός, q.v. + ἐργον; X.+; ins, pap, LXX; TestSol 12:6 v.l.; TestLevi 3:5, TestAsh 2:2; EpArist, Philo, Joseph.; on the spelling s. Mayser 127; Mlt-H. 76f) gener. ‘perform a public service, serve in a public office’ (in the Gr-Rom. world distinguished citizens were expected to serve in a variety of offices, including esp. as high priests, with all costs that such service involved, or to assume the costs of construction or maintenance of public buildings and production of dramas and games; for their services they would be recognized as people of exceptional merit [s. ἀρετή] or benefactors [s. εὐεργέτης]; but the word is also used of less prestigious activity SEG XXVI, 1392, 31 supply carts and mules; New Docs 1, 42–44) in our lit. almost exclusively of religious and ritual services both in a wider and a more restricted sense (SIG 717, 23f [100 B.C.] ἐλειτούργησαν ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ εὐτάκτως; 736, 73; 74f λειτουργούντω τοῖς θεοῖς; 97f [92 B.C.]; PLond I, 33a, 3 p. 19 [II B.C.]; 41 B, 1; UPZ 42, 2 [162 B.C.]; 47, 3; BGU 1006, 10; LXX; EpArist 87; Dssm., B 137 [BS 140f]; Anz 346f; Danker, Benefactor [lit.]). Through the use of this term NT writers suggest an aura of high status for those who render any type of service.① to render special formal service, serve, render service, of cultic or ritual responsibilitiesⓐ of priests and Levites in God’s temple (cp. Ex 28:35, 43; 29:30; Num 18:2; Sir 4:14; 45:15; Jdth 4:14; 1 Macc 10:42; Philo, Mos. 2, 152; Jos., Bell. 2, 409, Ant. 20, 218) abs. Hb 10:11. λ. τῷ θυσιαστηρίῳ τοῦ θεοῦ perform services at the altar of God 1 Cl 32:2 (cp. Jo 1:9, 13); (w. ἱερατεύειν as Sir 45:15) λ. τῷ θεῷ 43:4; GJs 4:1 (1 Km 3:1).—Of Christian services ἐν τ. θυσιαστηρίῳ λ. τὸ θεῖον perform service to God at the altar Tit 1:9 v.l.—Of officials of Christian congregations: λ. ἁμέμπτως τῷ ποιμνίῳ τοῦ Χριστοῦ serve Christ’s flock blamelessly 1 Cl 44:3. Of supervisors Hs 9, 27, 3. Of supervisors and servers λ. τὴν λειτουργίαν τῶν προφητῶν καὶ διδασκάλων perform the service of prophets and teachers D 15:1 (s. b, below on Ac 13:2.—λειτ. λ. Demosth. 21, 154; oft. in LXX; also Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 82; SIG 409, 61).—Of angels (TestLevi 3:5) τῷ θελήματι αὐτοῦ (sc. θεοῦ) λειτουργοῦσιν παρεστῶτες they stand at (God’s) side and serve (God’s) will 1 Cl 34:5; cp. vs. 6 (Da 7:10 Theod.).ⓑ of other expression of religious devotion (Dionys. Hal. 2, 22, 2 ἐπὶ τῶν ἱερῶν of the wives of priests and their children who perform certain rites that would not be approved for males) including prayer (w. νηστεύειν, and of the prophets and teachers) τ. κυρίῳ Ac 13:2. λ. τῷ θεῷ (cp. Jo 1:13b) Hm 5, 1, 2; cp. 3; Hs 7:6. Of OT worthies οἱ τελείως λειτουργήσαντες those who have rendered superb service to God 1 Cl 9:2.② to confer a special material benefit, serve (X., Mem. 2, 7, 6; Chares Hist.: 125 Fgm. 4 p. 659, 28 Jac. [in Athen. 12, 54, 538e]; τῷ βίῳ λ. Orig., C. Cels. 8, 57, 1 and 6) ἐν τοῖς σαρκικοῖς λ. do a service in material things Ro 15:27—On this entry and the foll. one s. Elbogen 5; 511; FOertel, D. Liturgie, 1917; NLewis, Inventory of Compulsory Services in Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt ’68; WBrandt, D. Wortgruppe λειτουργεῖν im Hb u. 1 Kl: Jahrb. d. Theol. Schule Bethel 1, 1930, 145–76; OCasel, λειτουργία—munus: Oriens Christ. III 7, ’32, 289–302; EPeterson, Nuntius 2, ’49, 10f; ARomeo, Miscellanea Liturgica (LMohlberg Festschr.), vol. 2, ’49, 467–519; FDanker, Gingrich Festschr. ’72, 108ff.—S. λειτουργία, λειτουργικός, λειτουργός.—DELG s.v. λαός. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv. -
2 λειτουργέω
+ V 37-30-21-3-8=99 Ex 28,35.43; 29,30; 30,20; 35,19rendition of ותשׁ, less often of עבד; to perform a religious service, to minister Ex 28,35; to perform (the services) [τι] Nm 4,30; to perform religious service for, to minister to [τινι] Nm 3,6; id. (to God) [τινι] 1 Chr 15,2; to minister to, to help [τινι] 1 Kgs 1,15εἰσῆλθον οἱ Λευῖται λειτουργεῖν τὴν λειτουργίαν αὐτῶν the levites went in to minister in their religious service (semit., rendering MT את־עבדתם לעבד הלוים באו) Nm 8,22 *2 Sm 19,19 καὶ ἐλειτούργησαν τὴν λειτουργίαν and they performed the service-העבדה ועבדו for MT העברה ועברה and crossed the ford?cpr. λατρεύωCf. DANIEL, S. 1966, 66-117; DOGNIEZ 1992, 181; DORIVAL 1994, 115-117; HELBING 1928, 195-196;ROMEO 1949, 469-503; SPICQ 1978a, 475-481; →NIDNTT; TWNT -
3 ἐπιτελέω
ἐπιτελέω fut. ἐπιτελέσω; 1 aor. ἐπετέλεσα. Pass.: 1 fut. ἐπιτελεσθήσομαι LXX; aor. ἐπετελέσθην (Hdt.+; freq. in civic decrees).① to finish someth. begun, end, bring to an end, finish (1 Km 3:12; 1 Esdr 4:55; 6:27) τὶ someth. Ro 15:28; Phil 1:6; 2 Cor 8:6, 11a. Abs. vs. 11b. So also Gal 3:3, either as mid.: you have begun in the Spirit; will you now end in the flesh? or, less prob., as pass. will you be made complete in the flesh? w. ref. to the Judaizers.② to bring about a result according to plan or objective, complete, accomplish, perform, bring about (IMagnMai 17, 25) τὶ someth. πάντα (1 Esdr 8:16) 1 Cl 1:3; 2:8; 48:4. πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθόν 33:1 (POslo 137, 9 [III A.D.] ἐ. τὰ καθήκοντα ἔργα). τὰ ἀνήκοντα τῇ βουλήσει 35:5 (PTebt 294, 11 τὰ τῇ προφητείᾳ προσήκοντα ἐπιτελεῖν). τά διατασσόμενα carry out the commands or instructions (PGM 4, 1539f τ. ἐντολάς) 37:2f; cp. 40:1f. τ. λειτουργίαν perform a service (Philo, Somn. 1, 214; s. below for this t.t., frequently used in recognition of civic-minded pers., and s. lit. s.v. λειτουργέω 2) 1 Cl 20:10; Lk 13:32 v.l. τὰς θεραπείας GJs 20:2 (not pap). τὰ κυνήγια the animal-combat AcPl Ha 3, 4. ἁγιωσύνην bring about sanctification 2 Cor 7:1 (cp. EpArist 133 κακίαν; 166 ἀκαθαρσίαν). τὴν σκηνήν erect the tent, i.e. carry out specifications for construction of a tent Hb 8:5 (s. Ex. 26). Esp. of the performance of rituals and ceremonies (Hdt. et al.; SIG 1109, 111 ἐ. τὰς λιτουργίας; UPZ 43, 20 [162/161 B.C.]; 106, 21 [99 B.C.]; PTebt 292, 20f; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 70, 9–11; EpArist 186; Philo, Ebr. 129; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 118) τ. λατρείας ἐ. perform the rituals (Philo, Somn. 1, 214) Hb 9:6. θυσίας bring sacrifices (Hdt. 2, 63; 4, 26; Diod S 17, 115, 6; Herodian 1, 5, 2; SIG index; IPriene 108, 27; JosAs 2:5; Philo, Somn. 1, 215; Jos., Ant. 4, 123; 9, 273; POxy 2782, 6–8 [II/III A.D.]) Dg 3:5. The pass. (IMagnMai 17, 25f) in this sense 1 Cl 40:3. τὴν ἡμέραν γενέθλιον ἐ. celebrate the birthday MPol 18:2 (Epici p. 39, 19f B.=p. 18, 3 K. γάμους ἐπετέλεσεν; Ammonius, Vi. Aristot. p. 11, 23 Westerm. ἑορτὴν ἐ.).—Mid. (=act., as Polyb. 1, 40, 16; 2, 58, 10; Diod S 3, 57, 4 πρᾶξιν ἐπιτελέσασθαι) γυναῖκες ἐπετελέσαντο ἀνδρεῖα women have performed heroic deeds 1 Cl 55:3.③ to cause someth. to happen as fulfillment of an objective or purpose, fulfill (PsSol 6:6 πᾶν αἴτημα; Lucian, Charon 6 τ. ὑπόσχεσιν) of a saying of scripture, pass. 1 Cl 3:1. Apparently in ref. to divine purpose lay someth. upon someone, accomplish someth. in the case of someone τινί τι (Pla., Leg. 10, 910d δίκην τινί) pass. τὰ αὐτὰ τῶν παθημάτων τῇ ἀδελφότητι ἐπιτελεῖσθαι the same kinds of sufferings are laid upon the fellowship or are accomplished in the case of the fellowship 1 Pt 5:9.—DELG s.v. τέλο. M-M. TW. -
4 λειτουργέω
λειτουργ-έω, earlier [dialect] Att. [full] λητουργέω IG22.1147.6 (iv B.C.), etc. ( λειτ- 22.665.11 (282 B.C.)): [tense] pf.I at Athens, serve public offices at one's own cost, And.1.132, al., D.27.64: c. acc. cogn.,λ. τὰ προσταττόμενα Is.6.61
;δύο λειτουργίας D.50.9
, cf. Lys.3.47; λ. ὑπέρ τινος serve these offices for another, Is.3.80, 6.64; τὰ λελειτουργημένα public services performed, D.21.169.II generally, perform public duties, serve the state,τῇ πόλει X.Mem.2.7.6
;ἐκ τῆς ἰδίας οὐσίας ὑμῖν λ. Isoc.8.13
;τὸ ταῖς οὐσίαις λειτουργοῦν, ὃ καλοῦμεν εὐπόρους Arist.Pol. 1291a34
;τοῖς σώμασιν καὶ τοῖς χρήμασιν λ. Id.Ath.29.5
;λ. τοῖς σώμασιν D.21.165
;τὸ περὶ τὰς ἀρχὰς λ. Arist.Pol. 1291a35
; λ. τῇ πόλει ταύτην τὴν λειτουργίαν ib.37, cf. Plb.6.33.6;λ. πρὸς τεκνοποιΐαν Arist.Pol. 1335b28
;ἄρχειν καὶ λ. POxy.1119.16
(iii A.D.).III generally, serve a master, c. dat., οἱ ἑνὶ λειτουργοῦντες τὰ τοιαῦτα δοῦλοι [εἰσι] Arist.Pol. 1278a12, cf. PSI4.361.15 (iii B.C.), Nic.Dam.4 J.; λ. τρισὶν ἀνδράσιν, of a prostitute, AP5.48 ([place name] Gallus).2 perform religious service, minister,ἐπὶ τῶν ἱερῶν D.H.2.22
;τῷ Κυρίῳ Act.Ap.13.2
, etc. (Written λιτ- in Rev.Et.Anc.32.5 (Athens, i B.C.), etc., cf. λειτούργιον, λειτουργός.)Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > λειτουργέω
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5 υποστρατευθείς
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6 ὑποστρατευθείς
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7 υποστρατευομένους
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8 ὑποστρατευομένους
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9 υποστρατευσάμενοι
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10 ὑποστρατευσάμενοι
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11 υποστρατευόμενος
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12 ὑποστρατευόμενος
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13 ἱερατεύω
+ V 16-4-2-0-4=26 Ex 28,1.3.4.41; 29,1to hold the office of a priest, to perform the service of a priest [abs.] Nm 16,10; to minister as priest, to minister in the priest’s office [τινι] Ex 28,1Cf. HORSLEY 1987, 156; LE BOULLUEC 1989, 281; WEVERS 1990 466.500; →NIDNTT; TWNT -
14 ἐκπράσσω
A bring about, achieve, τι A.Ag. 582, etc. ;τόδ' ἐξέπραξεν ὥστε.. Id.Pers. 723
; χρέος perform a service, Id.Supp. 472 ;ὡς.. S.Ant. 303
;δόλιον εὐνὴν ἐξέπραξ' E.Hel.20
; τὸν καλλίνικον..ἐξεπράξατε ἐς γόον ye have made the hymn of triumph end in wailing, Id.Ba. 1161 ; in later Prose,τὸ δέον Paul.Aeg.6.118
.III exact, levy,αἵματος δίκην Id.HF43
; ([place name] Thermon) ; τόκους ib.672.39 (Delph., ii B. C.): c. dupl. acc.,χρήματα ἐ. τινά Th.8.108
: abs.,τοὺς ταμίας ἐ. Pl.Lg. 774e
, cf. IG12.79:—[voice] Pass., to be made to pay,χρήματα ὑπό τινος Paus.7.12.1
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐκπράσσω
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15 ὑποστρατεύομαι
Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑποστρατεύομαι
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16 νεανίσκος
νεανίσκος, ου, ὁ (Hdt. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; Jos., Ant. 6, 179, Vi. 126; Test12Patr. In later Gk. more common than νεανίας) dim. of νεάν.① a relatively young man, youth, young man (on the chron. limits of this period of life cp. what is said on νεανίας and s. Philo, Op. M. 105; an ins at Delos, BCH 13, 1889, 420ff, lists a series of age-classes: παῖδες, ἔφηβοι, νεανίσκοι and equates ν. with νεός [Forbes p. 61]) Mt 19:20, 22; Mk 14:51 (SJohnson, The Identity and Significance of the Neaniskos in Mark: Forum 8, ’92, 123–39); 16:5 (cp. Jos., Ant. 5, 213; on connection w. 14:51 s. BvanIersel, CBQ 58, ’96, 261, n. 52 [lit.]); Lk 7:14; Ac 2:17 (Jo 3:1); 20:12 D; 23:18, 22; 1J 2:13f; Hv 2, 4, 1; 3, 1, 6ff; 3, 2, 5; 3, 4, 1; 3, 10, 1 and 7; Hs 6, 1, 5; 6, 2, 6; GPt 9:37; 13:55; AcPl Ha 3, 28; 4, 2 (of a heavenly being).② a young man functioning as a servant, servant (Lucian, Alex. 53; Gen 14:24, perh. as early as PEdg 4 [=Sb 6710], 6 [259 B.C.]) Mk 14:51b v.l. οἱ νεανίσκοι; Ac 5:10 (though here the ref. may simply be to young men of the congregation, who would naturally perform this service); AcPt Ox 849 recto, 19–20.—CForbes, NEOI: A Contribution to the Study of Greek Associations ’33, 61–63.—DELG s.v. νέος 3. M-M. -
17 ἐπιμελῶς
ἐπιμελῶς adv. (s. ἐπιμελέομαι; X., Pla.+; ins, pap, LXX; ViIs [p. 70, 2 Sch.]; EpArist 81; Philo; Jos., Ant. 12, 318; 17, 12) carefully, diligently ζητεῖν hunt carefully Lk 15:8; ἐκζητεῖν ἐ. Hv 3, 3, 5; πυνθάνεσθαι Dg 1. κατανοεῖν consider, look at carefully Hs 8, 2, 5; καθαρίζειν ἐ. Hs 9, 7, 2. ἐνστερνίζεσθαι 1 Cl 2:1; cp. 40:2 cj. Lghtf.; φυλάσσειν ἐ. Dg 7:1. τελεῖν διακονίαν ἐ. perform a service carefully Hm 12, 3, 3.—M-M. Spicq. -
18 ἱερατεύω
ἱερατεύω fut. ἱερατεύσω; 1 aor. sg. ἱεράτευσα TestLevi 12:5 (s. ἱερός and prec. two entries; late Gk. word: Herodian 5, 6, 3; Heliod. 10, 40 al.; ins fr. II B.C.: OGI 90, 51 [196 B.C.]; IMagnMai 178, 6 [II B.C.]; other exx. fr. ins in Dssm., NB 43 [BS 215f]; PGiss 11, 10 [118 A.D.]; PKöln 81 [105/104 B.C.] of a priesthood held by queen Cleopatra; LXX; Test12Patr; Jos., Ant. 3, 189; 15, 253; Just., A I, 62, 2) hold the office or perform the service of a priest Lk 1:8. W. λειτουργεῖν 1 Cl 43:4.—Frisk s.v. ἱερός. New Docs 4, 156 (ins). M-M. TW. -
19 ἱερουργέω
ἱερουργέω (ἱερουργός ‘sacrificing priest’; Plut., Num. 14, 1, Alex. 31, 4; Herodian 5, 6, 1; 5, 5, 9; Philostrat., Vi. Soph. 2, 10, 2 p. 91, 25; CIG add. to 4528 [III p. 1175]; IG2 I, 4, 4f; 8 [V B.C.]; 4 Macc 7:8 v.l.; Philo, Mos. 1, 87 al.; Jos., Ant. 6, 102; 7, 333) to act in some cultic or sacred capacity, perform holy service, act as a priest τὶ w. regard to someth. τὸ εὐαγγέλιον serve the gospel as a priest (perh. w. emphasis on sacrifice; Field, Notes 165) Ro 15:16.—DELG s.v. ἱερός. M-M. TW. -
20 ὀρθῶς
ὀρθῶς adv. of ὀρθός (Hes., Aeschyl., Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX; Test Sol 24:5 Q; Test12Patr; ParJer 7:11; GrBar 4:10; EpArist, Philo; Jos., Ant. 1, 251; Just.; Tat. 18, 2; Ath. 7, 1 and R. 21 p. 74, 26) pert. to acting in conformity with a norm or standard, rightly, correctly λαλεῖν speak correctly = normally (‘properly’ TBaird, ET 92, ’81, 337f) Mk 7:35. ὀρ. προσφέρειν, διαιρεῖν offer rightly, divide rightly 1 Cl 4:4 (after Gen 4:7; s. διαιρέω). δουλεύειν αὐτῷ (=τῷ θεῷ) ὀρ. serve God in the right way=κατὰ τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ Hm 12, 6, 2. τελεῖν τὴν διακονίαν τοῦ κυρίου ὀρ. perform the service of the Lord properly Hs 2:7; ἐργάζεσθαι ὀρ. act rightly 8, 11, 4 (cp. ὀρ. ποιεῖν: SIG 116, 10; 780, 37; PEleph 9, 3; 1 Macc 11:43; Just., D. 5, 2; 67, 4; ὀρ. πράσσειν: Jos., Vi. 298; Just., A I, 4, 8). ὀρ. κρίνειν judge, decide correctly Lk 7:43 (cp. Wsd 6:4; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 10, 9.—Diod S 18, 56, 3 ὀρθῶς γινώσκειν=think rightly). ὀρ. ἀποκρίνεσθαι answer correctly (Herm. Wr. 13, 3; Just., D. 3, 6; cp. ὀρ. ἐρωτᾷς GrBar 4:10) 10:28. ὀρ. λέγειν καὶ διδάσκειν 20:21 (cp. Aristoxenus, Fgm. 33 p. 18, 2 ὀρθῶς λέγοντες; Alex. Aphr., An. II/1 p. 20, 29 ὀρθῶς λέγειν=teach rightly. Of Cercidas [III B.C.] in Diehl3, Fgm. 11a, 4 [=Coll. Alex. p. 213 no. 16] ὀρθῶς λέγει που Κερκίδας; Dt 5:28). ὀρ. διδάσκεσθαι be properly taught Dg 11:2. ἀγαπᾶν ὀρ. love (someone) in the right way 12:1. ὀρ. ἀπέχεσθαί τινος be right in abstaining from someth. 4:6.—M-M.
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